if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'globalmarvels_com-box-4','ezslot_6',104,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-globalmarvels_com-box-4-0');Both the forces met at the Battle of Chaldiran in 1514, where the Ottomans defeated the Safavids. Again, they lost in battle to the Manchus in both battles. The British squadron suffered 28 casualties from this bombardment. They trained using manuals based on Qi Jiguang's techniques such as the volley, while incorporating their own methods too. Hodgson saw gunpowder weapons as the key to the "military patronage states of the Later Middle Period" which replaced the unstable, geographically limited confederations of Turkic clans that prevailed in post-Mongol times. It was led by a lineage of eminent rulers and emperors like Humayun, Akbar, Shah Jahan, and Jahangir. [2] His descendants, especially his great-grandson Shah Abbas, made Iran a mighty empire supported by modern artillery and musket-bearing infantry, and by an important share of the world silk market. Baghdad Battery | Earliest Battery Known To Man, ARCHIMEDES The Greatest Mathematician and Inventor, Colossus of Rhodes | A Wonder of The Ancient World, Srivijaya Empire The History Of a Forgotten Empire, Lake Natron | The Lake That Turns Animals To Stone, The Aztec Gods: The Top 10 Most Important Aztec Gods And Goddesses You Should Know About, The Unicorn: Scotlands Fabled National Animal. Claire Jakobe. France and the Habsburgs divided those territories among themselves, resulting in an arms standoff. As a consequence, corruption and nepotism tainted the administrative system of the Ottoman Empire. The three Gunpowder Empires were known for their military success using the newly invented gunpowder and firearms that were made in China. The Mughal Empire ruled northern India and Pakistan from the 16th Century to the mid-18th Century. The Gunpowder Empires consisted of The Ottoman Empire of Turkey, The Safavid Empire of Iran and The Mughal Empire of India. Soon after, the Japanese started mass-producing the Portuguese style weapon for themselves. The film was released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer on May 20, 1988, and grossed $57 million worldwide. 'Zombie' viruses have been revived from Siberian permafrost. 3. . IF YOU LIKE THIS POWERPOINT, YOU CAN BUY THE WHOLE SERIES AT A CHEAPER PRICE. [32], The Safavids first put their gunpowder arms to good use against the Uzbeks, who had invaded eastern Persia during the civil war that followed the death of Ismail I. Comparatively little attention has been made to the use and innovation of gunpowder in the expansion of Vietnam. During the rule of Sultan Mehmed II they were drilled with firearms and became "perhaps the first standing infantry force equipped with firearms in the world. Moreover, it seems that the commitment to military autocratic rule pre-dated the acquisition of gunpowder weapons in all three cases. The rulers of the Safavid Empire, known as the Shahs, were also the religious rulers of the empire and actively fought to spread Shia Islam. The Mongols were the first . During the golden age of East Asian Piracy between the 1540s and 1560s, it was most likely that through their battles and other encounters with these pirates, the Ming dynasty forces inevitably got hold of the weapons and copied them[citation needed]. This phrase was coined by Marshall G.S. [28], The Dardanelles Gun was designed and cast in bronze in 1464 by Munir Ali. After this victory, it was rare for any forces to engage the Mughals in a pitched battle. The gunpowder empires, or Islamic gunpowder empires, is a collective term coined by Marshall G. S. Hodgson and William H. McNeill at the University of Chicago, referring to three Turco-Persianate Muslim empires: the Ottoman Empire, Safavid Empire and the Mughal Empire, in the period they flourished from the 16th to the 18th century.These three empires were among the strongest and most stable . The PowerPoint includes class notes, high resolution photographs, and maps. It was not until the rule of Nader Shah's Afsharid dynasty that the majority of Iran's troops would be equipped with firearms for the first time. Guns literally put weaponry into the hands of the individual, creating a new class of soldier infantry and giving birth to the modern army. In large part, the successes of the western empires depended on advanced firearms and cannons. What made the gunpowder empires successful?-all had strong militaries and gunpowder technology-all had absolute monarchies and agrarian economies . As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 Inspired by the Ottomans, Babur used the expertise of firearms and machinery in his battle for victory. [47], Koreans had been using Chinese and self made firearms as early as the late 14th century. [45][46] However, after the Qing gained hegemony over East Asia in the mid-18th century, the practice of casting composite metal cannons fell into disuse until the dynasty faced external threats once again in the Opium War of 1840, at which point smoothbore cannons were already starting to become obsolete as a result of rifled barrels. The Mughal Dynasty had gained a celebrated reputation of being exceptionally powerful in warfare considering their brilliant use of traditional infantry and cavalry weapons along with newly acquired cannons and firearms. It was also likely that a powerful mariner Wang Zhi, who controlled thousands of armed men eventually surrendered to the Ming in 1558 and they replicated his weapons. This 56 slide PowerPoint carefully explores Muslim Gunpowder Empire. 26 chapters | Indian Ocean Trade Route, Network & History | Indian Ocean Trade Impact. Improved gunpowder from Europe later, in 1520, reached China on a Portuguese ship,[55] though Turkish arquebuses may have reached China before Portuguese ones. But perhaps, the precursors, the Mamluks of India, and the afterguards, the British Empire, are all worth considering in the light of the three, often, today referred to together, as the "gunpowder empires." Thus they were called with the suitable title of Gunpowder Empires. Babur had the expertise of his commander Ustad Ali Quli, who coached the military with Ottoman techniques. If you're looking for the most comfortable and great-sounding headphones for under $400, look no further than the SIVGA Orioles. The success and innovation of gunpowder combat in East Asia, however, are worth mentioning in the same context as that of the Islamic gunpowder empires for their military advancements. The Safavids learned the value of firearms and artillery early, from the neighboring Ottomans. Within two years of Chaldiran, Ismail had a corps of musketeers (tofangchi) numbering 8,000, and by 1521, possibly 20,000. The Assyrian empire and the Persian empire were two of the earliest major empires in the world. Surprising loss of sea ice after record-breaking Arctic storm is a mystery to scientists, Pregnancy causes dramatic changes in the brain, study confirms, Man holding penis and flanked by leopards is world's oldest narrative carving, Why have aliens never visited Earth? [19][20] The combination of artillery and Janissary firepower proved decisive at Varna in 1444 against a force of Crusaders, Bakent in 1473 against the Aq Qoyunlu,[21] and Mohcs in 1526 against Hungary. (I will offer such a one shortly). It stars Warwick Davis in the title role, Val Kilmer, Joanne Whalley, Jean Marsh, and Billy Barty. The Safavid Empire was the first to decline in 1736. As a result, the Safavid Empire was a strict theocracy. There is, in fact, a widespread belief that the Vietnamese introduced firearms to China, although other scholars disagree. The years from 1450 to 1800 was a time of great significance for both maritime nations and gunpowder empires. They were also quite adept and innovative with their strategies on the battle field. [37], Turkish arquebuses may have reached China before Portuguese ones. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Their own military might as well as the weakness and corruption of the regimes they replaced. . However, the Ottoman Empire began declining in the late 1600s as European powers began to strengthen during the Renaissance and, later, the Industrial Revolution. "The Army of Nader Shah." One problem of the HodgsonMcNeill theory is that the acquisition of firearms does not seem to have preceded the initial acquisition of territory constituting the imperial critical mass of any of the three early modern Islamic empires, except in the case of the Mughal empire. Then, in 1627 and 1636, the Koreans faced the Manchus alone, again showing their competency in battle by using their musket tactics. These three empires were among the strongest and most stable economies of the early modern period, leading to commercial expansion, and greater patronage of culture, while their political and legal institutions were consolidated with an increasing degree of centralization. Before the 1700s, three of the major empires were called the Gunpowder Empires: the Ottomans of Turkey, the Safavids of Iran, and the Mughals of India. The Dardanelles Gun was still present for duty more than 340 years later in 1807, when a Royal Navy force appeared and commenced the Dardanelles Operation. The empires underwent a significant increase in per capita income and population, and a sustained pace of technological innovation. The success of these three is contributed largely to their strong armies and mastery of advanced artillery. Gunpowder is there for you. [37], In 1631, "Heavy Troops" that could build and operate European-style cannon,[41] The imported cannons in the Qing dynasty had a high reputation such as 'Great General in Red'. [] This guaranteed them a massive victory against the Crusader forces in 1444. Abu Akbar conquered land and greatly expanded the Mughal Empire, yet he was extremely tolerant of religious sects under his reign, even marrying a few Hindu princesses. Fall of the Gunpowder Empires. 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Eventually, a religious council deposed the rule of the Shahs, and with the theocracy divided, Afghan invaders ended the Safavid Empire. Confucianism in the Sung & Mongol Periods. 1450-1750. land based power. Question 6. Unlike Turkey, where the Ottomans fairly quickly re-established control, Persia languished in chaos for around a century before Shah Ismail I (14871524) and his "Red Head" (Qizilbash) Turks were able to defeat rival factions and reunite the country by about 1511. Lords of the Horizons: A History of the Ottoman Empire. Start studying WHAP Chapters 21-22 Test Review-Gunpowder Empires, Ming & Qing China, Tokugawa Japan. The Ottomans had artillery at least by the reign of Bayezid I and used them in the sieges of Constantinople in 1399 and 1402. 1) Early gunpowder empires, the earlier the better, starting a period of aggressive growth NO LATER than 1300. The Mughal Empire succeeded in conquering smaller Hindu kingdoms, merging and combining them under one government. By Fio Borrelli Hip Hop Vibe Staff Writer Last week, Brandi stole the show on "Love & Hip Hop Hollywood," as she showed how crazy she was for her man. Turkish forces loaded the ancient relics with propellant and projectiles, then fired them at the British ships. New York, The regime was led by powerful Sultans for 7 centuries who created alliances with dynasties and racial groups in close proximity. The third gunpowder empire, India's Mughal Empire, offers perhaps the most dramatic example of modern weaponry carrying the day. This sect was known as Din-i-Ilahi or sometimes also known as God-ism. What made the Gunpowder Empires successful? Overview of the Module. More gunpowder-based weapons were invented by the Chinese and perfected against the Mongols in the next centuries, including the first cannons and grenades. My World His Subjects: Social Studies - History, World History View Gunpowder Empires Chart.docx from SPANISH FLVS at Lennard High School. The Mughal, Safavid, and Ottoman Empires were known as the gunpowder empires, and they were feared throughout Europe because of their horsemanship, their power, and their armies. Heres how it works. The Janissaries had been an infantry bodyguard using bows and arrows. copyright 2003-2022 Study.com. The 16th to 18th Centuries witnessed the rise and fall of powerful empires across the globe. [44], The Japanese adopted the use of the Portuguese arquebus in the middle of the 16th century. "[14] But it was their use of artillery that shocked their adversaries and impelled the other two Islamic empires to accelerate their weapons programs. Highly Recommended. The Mughal Empire thrived during the 16th to 18th centuries. Shah Abbas not only used these slaves in the bureaucracy and royal household, he made them . The Ottoman Empires highly centralized policy made it a big name during its peak. The term Gunpowder Empire refers to the military exploits of the Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal Empires in the 16-17th century when these three empires flourished. The Mughal Empire expanded across a vast area, from Northern Afghanistan to Myanmar, covering a vast expanse of the Indian Territory. All three Empires were Muslim regimes that were defined by their military prowess and growth through the use of gunpowder and advanced artillery. Historians have used this name to describe states that used firearms to expand their territories and control their own populations. Below are more specific details about all three empires, like time period, location, leaders, and cultural importance. Although these empires share many similarities, they also have their differences. Douglas Streusand uses the Safavids as an example: The Safavids from the beginning imposed a new religious identity on their general population; they did not seek to develop a national or linguistic identity, but their policy had that effect.[10]. [30], Although the Chaldiran defeat brought an end to Ismail's territorial expansion program, the shah nonetheless took immediate steps to protect against the real threat from the Ottoman sultanate by arming his troops with gunpowder weapons. The Safavid dynasty also took control of Persia in the power vacuum that followed the decline of Timur's empire. According to G. S. Hodgson, in the gunpowder empires these changes went well beyond military organisation. From the 1300s to 1700s, three powers dominated parts of Africa, Asia, and Europe. 13701507)", "The Rise and Fall of Distinctive Composite-Metal Cannons Cast During the Ming-Qing Period", "Big Heads and Buddhist Demons: The Korean Musketry Revolution and the Northern Expeditions of 1654 and 1658", "China's "New Silk Road": A Case Study in EU-China Relations", "The Age of Gunpowder Empires, 1450-1800", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunpowder_empires&oldid=1123991247, This page was last edited on 26 November 2022, at 20:26. They stretched from Central Europe and North Africa in the west to Bengal and Arakan in the east. After the demise of the most powerful Safavid ruler, Shah Abbas, the empire began to decline in military prowess. (Image credit: Igor Vorobyov, Dreamstime), How the Council of Nicea Changed the World, Steelmaking doesnt need to come with CO2 emissions anymore, and SSAB has the technology, World's largest communication satellite is a photobombing menace, astronomers warn, Watch the 'Cold Moon' eclipse Mars during the final full moon of 2022. [53], Europeans also improved the gunpowder firearms which had been made in China and the Middle East, creating stronger and more durable rifles using advanced European metalworking techniques. STUDY. Ironically, it was a quest for immortality that led to the invention of the deadliest weapon before the arrival of the atomic bomb. It established the Shia school of Islam throughout its territory, carving a significant crest in the Muslim political history. "[6], McNeill argued that whenever such states "were able to monopolize the new artillery, central authorities were able to unite larger territories into new, or newly consolidated, empires. Jahrhunderts. Artillery and firearms were decisive in the Battle of Varna (1444) against a Crusader force. "[7] Monopolization was key. The Mughal Empire Timeline, & Rulers | Who Founded the Mughal Empire? Don't get Turtledove all over it. Emperor Akbar, the dearest Mughal ruler planned and implemented exceptional annexation and consolidation policies, paving the way for his empire to reach greater heights. Great Turkish Bombard (1464) Step 3: Create a lasting economy and culture The Mughal Empire started to decline in power through the 1700s but eventually fell due to the rising influence of the British East Indian Trade Company in southern India. For example, the Ottoman Imperial army advanced the use of gunpowder for cannons and early rifles, which made it a force to be reckoned with, overpowering opposing armies. The Safavid Dynasty was gifted with literary and artistic expertise and a multi cultural identity. Native or indigenous soldiers recruited via the civilian or military agent of the gauncares or dessaidos (agent of tax farmers in Old or New Conquests) formed a relatively important component of the Portuguese colonial and military enterprise in India. The Assyrians came in to power first, ruling from 900 BC to about 600 BC and with the help of Cyrus the Great, the Persians rose to power around 550BC. The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal dynasties established control over Turkey, Iran, and India respectively, in large part due to a Chinese invention: gunpowder . While it was a devastating defeat to the Koreans, this war forced the Koreans to realize that they needed to adopt the use of the musket as well as Japanese and Chinese methods. To produce the aerial spray of reds, golds and blues, pyrotechnicians pack a tube with gunpowder, colorizing chemicals and small pellets that create the shape and shimmer of the firework. Pricing & Availability: The SIVGA Oriole over . Their explosive invention would become the basis for almost every weapon used in war from that point on, from fiery arrows to rifles, cannons and grenades. During this period, the area was regularly raided by goons of Baluchistan adding further damage. By 1350, rudimentary gunpowder cannons were commonplace in the English and French militaries, which used the technology against each other during the Hundred Years' War. Goodwin, Jason (1998). Hodgson's colleague William H. McNeill expanded on the history of gunpowder use across multiple civilizations including East Asian, South Asian and European powers in his "The Age of Gunpowder Empires". Sultan Suleiman expanded the power of the Ottoman Empire by standardizing laws across the empire and encouraging the development of art and literature. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Under Osman I's leadership, Islamic soldiers, known as Ghazis, started to conquer the Christian-ruled strongholds in Turkey and spread the rule of the Ottoman Empire. But the battle which convinced the Safavids and the Mughals of the efficacy of gunpowder was Chaldiran. The Mughal Dynasty would endure until 1857when the incoming British Raj deposed and exiled the last emperor. The Safavid Empire controlled modern-day Iran and the surrounding area, now known as Persia, from 1501-1722. Abu Akbar, also known as Akbar the Great, established a religious sect to help unify differing beliefs and sought common ground between the diverse religions under his rule. . By the advent of the 19 th Century, the Gunpowder Empires, losing their glory and significance, steadily started to decline. 2. SAT Subject Test World History: Practice and Study Guide, High School World History: Help and Review, High School World History: Tutoring Solution, High School World History: Homeschool Curriculum, 6th Grade World History: Enrichment Program, 7th Grade World History: Enrichment Program, 8th Grade World History: Enrichment Program, Developmental World History: Middle School, Western Europe Since 1945 for Teachers: Professional Development, High School World History Curriculum Resource & Lesson Plans, Create an account to start this course today. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. The major challenge facing the Safavid Empire was tribal factions within its territory. The Ottomans had a special body-guard force known as the Janissary, who became the first infantry force equipped with firearms in the world. [42] The Manchu elite did not concern themselves directly with guns and their production, preferring instead to delegate the task to Han-Chinese craftsmen, who produced for the Qing a similar composite metal cannon known as the "Shenwei grand general. Create your account. . The Assyrian and Persian militaries shared many similarities, but they also differed in some aspects. This caused conflict between the two empires along with fighting over territory, considering they bordered each other, so they went into a war called the Battle of Chaldiran. The Gunpowder Empires: Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal. Hodgson's colleague William H. McNeill expanded on the history of gunpowder use across multiple civilizations including East Asian, European, and South Asian powers in his 1993 work "The Age of Gunpowder Empires". Dr. Kallie Szczepanski is a history teacher specializing in Asian history and culture. The Safavid Empire began with the rule of Shah Ismail in 1501 and marked the beginning of modern Iranian history. [4] The Safavids created an efficient and modern state administration for Iran and sponsored major developments in the fine arts. The shah's army deployed cannons (swivel guns on wagons) in the center protected by wagons with cavalry on both flanks. (2020, August 28). Like in Europe, the introduction of gunpowder weapons prompted changes such as the rise of centralized monarchical states. Gunpowder Empires were empires that used modern warfare techniques with firearms to succeed in military conquest (The Gunpowder Empires, n.d.). The Safavid . lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. [37], Tonio Andrade cited that the Military Revolution Model that gave the Europeans so much military success included the use of superior drilling techniques. Gunpowder was quickly put to use by the reigning Sung dynasty against the Mongols, whose constant invasions into the country plagued the Chinese throughout the period. The powder is also at the heart of the fireworks that make the Fourth of July and other holidays so special. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. The Spanish and the Ottomans, for example, built 2 flourishing empires based on different principles and serves as an example of how empires . After the decline of the Timurid Empire Shah Ismail gained religious and political eminence and successfully set up his Dynasty backed up by Sufi ideologies. Rallying under Tahmasp's personal leadership, the infantry of the center engaged and scattered the Uzbek center and secured the field. Gunpowder Empires. By 1598, they had an artillery corps of cannons as well. PLAY. [11] Whether or not gunpowder was inherently linked to the existence of any of these three empires, it cannot be questioned that each of the three acquired artillery and firearms early in their history and made such weapons an integral part of their military tactics. And y. NY 10036. Essential Question: -What were the achievements of the "gunpowder empires": Ottomans, Safavids, & Mughals? "[15] The Janissaries are thus considered the first modern standing armies. From the very beginning, the legitimacy of the Safavid dynasty was its Shi'ite nature. These buildings were made, and influenced, by various arts throughout the region as items such as Turkish carpets and fine paintings are present. New York: Morrow Quill Paperbacks, 52. [24] At the Battle of Mohcs in 1526, the Janissaries equipped with 2000 tfenks (usually translated as musket) "formed nine consecutive rows and they fired their weapons row by row," in a "kneeling or standing position without the need for additional support or rest. the early uprisings against Spain. The Muslim tribes in central Turkey, led by Osman I, joined together in 1299 to establish the Ottoman Empire to fight against the failing Christian Byzantine Empire. During this period, The English East India Company also docked at its shores, posing as a potential political and economical competitor to the weak Mughals. | {{course.flashcardSetCount}} 1450-1750. . This particular account on arquebus technology was the first to spark the interest of Ming officials for the Chinese to broaden their use of these weapons. The Mughal Empire in India was established by Babur, the first Mughal ruler in 1526. What were some of the things that made the Ottoman Empire successful? The Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals were known as "gunpowder empires". Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Compare the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires. Hodgson and William H. McNeill. With this improved gunpowder technology, German friar Berthold Schwarz invented the first European cannon in 1353. East Asian powers and their military success are commonly overlooked in this subject due to the success of not only the Islamic empires, but also European empires. Gunpowder Empires. Lord Kinross (1977). Academics have made much of the three great Muslim-ruled empires of the period between 14th and the early 20th century. [23] Damascus steel was later used in the production of firearms such as the musket from the 16th century. While the Koreans and Ming lost, a Korean unit did exhibit their techniques successful in battle. Some historians claim that the Ottomans first learned of gunpowder weapons from renegade Christians and used them, to devastating effect, to win the Battle of Kosovo in 1389. . The three Islamic gunpowder empires are known for their quickly gained success in dominating the battle fields using their newly acquired firearms and techniques. In fact, there were accounts of Koreans using a type of volley technique in 1447. IF YOU LIKE THIS POWERPOINT, YOU CAN BUY THE WHOLE SERIES AT A CHEAPER PRICE. Developed strong, centralized political control through the use of military strength of gunpowder Naval & land-based military power enhanced by the cannon. Thanks in large part to their acquisition of muskets, the Ottoman rulers were able to drive out the Timurids and reestablish their control of Turkey in 1414. Emperor Aurangzeb was the last significant Mughal ruler. Emperor Suleyman I resigned from his campaigns and focused on his harem. The Mughals, based in the Indian subcontinent, inherited in part the Timurid Renaissance,[3] and are recognised for their lavish architecture and for having heralded in Bengal an era of what some describe as proto-industrialization. All three of these vast empires emerged after the breakup of the Mongol Empire, when Turkish leader Tamerlane attempted to recreate the success of Chinggis Kahn and build a central Asian empire from his base in Samarkand. These three empires played a significant role in shaping the parts of Eurasia, as well as world conflicts, due to their military power. The success of these three is contributed largely to their strong armies and mastery of advanced artillery. europe's empires built on sea power asian empires land-based power Gunpowder Empires - . Gunpowder is still the basis for many modern weapons, including guns, though it's certainly no longer the most explosive force available to armies. COMMON CHARACTERISTICS Religion (of the rulers at least) All three Islamic empires were military creations Governing Autocratic: emperors imposed their will on the state Ongoing problems with royal succession Ottoman rulers legally killed brothers after taking the throne Influence of Royal and Upper-Class Women Harem politics: women often influenced policies, selections The Ottoman Turks also employed gunpowder cannons with abandon during their successful siege of Constantinople in 1453. These events marked the beginning of a Korean military revolution in which the Koreans could combat their enemies using modern equipment and methods of warfare. The term "gunpowder empire" is usually traced to the work of historian Marshall G. Hodgson, who sought to explain the rise of empires in the Islamic world. Being a major Gunpowder Empire, there was plenty of good technology found here as well. Warm-Up [26] Zhao Shizhen described the Turkish muskets as being superior to the European muskets. According to the viewers commenting on Twitter, Brandi was just crazy. Axworthy, Michael. The phrase was coined by Marshall G. S. Hodgson and his colleague William H. McNeill at the University of Chicago. Vast amounts of territory were conquered by the Islamic gunpowder empires with the use and development of the newly invented firearms, especially cannon and small arms, in the course of imperial expansion. It had a highly institutionalized administrative structure and a wealthy economy. At the height of its power, the Ottoman Empire controlled an area spanning from Eastern Europe, to the Middle East, to Northern Africa. The Gunpowder Empires are the three dominant Muslim empires that encompassed Eurasia during the 18th and 19th centuries. One explanation, called "Confessionalization" by historians of fifteenth century Europe, invokes examination of how the relation of church and state "mediated through confessional statements and church ordinances" lead to the origins of absolutist polities. In 1619, the Koreans aided the Ming against the Manchus, a great military force. The Mughal Empire was unique as it was a Muslim regime governing a population that was vastly Hindu. The reigns of Akbar The Great, Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb have been described as a major height of Indian history. Answer (1 of 2): Not all gunpowder empire were successful: we don`t hear a lot about Brandenburg-Prussia, Swedish or Danish African colonies. Szczepanski, Kallie. Babur had employed Ottoman expert Ustad Ali Quli, who showed Babur the standard Ottoman formationartillery and firearm-equipped infantry protected by wagons in the center, and mounted archers on both wings. usurping liberty in the colonies. 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