Osborne, Kristen. First, Night Mail portrays the daily activities of the postal staff on a human scale, with colloquial speech and naturalistic vignettes, like sipping beer and sharing inside jokes. [69], The opening stanza of the poem was sampled heavily by electronic musician Aphex Twin, under his AFX moniker, in the song Nightmail 1, officially released by Warp in July 2017 as part of the orphans digital EP. [38] Before recording his parts, Legg took a deep breath and recited the poem until he could no longer breathe, and ended with a "Huh" sound of taking a breath. The idea came to Hastings after he turned in Apollo 13 in late and had to pay $40 in late fees. All those letters mentioned in the previous stanzas will be received. [63] Night Mail itself is sometimes considered the apotheosis of the collaborative work of the GPO Film Unit,[34] a beloved, and nearly unique ode to the Royal Mail, the British people, and the creative possibilities of "actuality" films. Auden. [5] Wright recalled that it was most likely Grierson who noted that up to this point, the film had documented the "machinery" of delivering letters, but "What about the people who write them and the people who get them? Essay On Spider Man Homecoming Trailer Scotland longs for its news with anticipation. It carries letters from every part of the world on every topic up a hill and through the grasses. At its most basic, documentary analysis is research which involves documents as the data. It imagines the real sounds of the train and incorporates these imaginary sounds into the score. [56] More broadly, British Film Institute historian Ian Aitken describes Grierson's position on the function of documentary film as "representing the inter-dependence and evolution of social relations in a dramatic and symbolic way". Grimy and grey is the engine's reflection, down to the docks for the metal collection. Once there, in amongst all the sleeping people, it delivers the much longed-for notes from friends, associates, business partners, and family members. It is hopeful and sweet, charming and memorable. 25 tickets to see much acclaimed Marvellous at @sohoplace the first new-build West End theatre in 50 years. I will also go over the reaction by critics and others to the film when it first appeared. "Night Mail by W.H. Recently, Netflix is recognized as one of the 50 most innovative companies, ranking number eight for streaming itself into a $9 billion powerhouse (and crushing Blockbuster) with 20 million subscribers (fastcompany.com, 2011). These stanzas take the reader through the landscape and speak, briefly, on different elements of it. My final documentary reflects the work I have done in preparation for my final project, and demonstrates my understanding of documentaries as a whole. () Other articles where Drifters is discussed: John Grierson: and only personally directed film, Drifters (1929), a study of the lives of North Sea herring fishermen. [20] The background sound was recorded in various locations, with the crew using the studio's sound van. These are wonderful examples of the pictures the skillfully written imagery can create. Five hundred million letters every year.) The bulk of the story is conveyed through dialogue and imagery, however, leaving the narrative thrust in the hands of the postal workers. Every single person that visits Poem Analysis has helped contribute, so thank you for your support. This line is only the first example of the repetition that Auden makes use of in Night Mail. It took as its raw material the everyday life of ordinary men and from that neglected vein won interest, dignity and beauty [] and struck a more universal note."[55]. [18] A screening was held the following morning. [58] Fulton believes the main theme of Night Mail is suggested by one of Auden's lines in the poem: "All Scotland waits for her". Silent miles of wind-bent grasses. As a whole, the four-part Netflix docuseries covers the essentials about the subject's 1985 murders, and includes first-hand testimonies from the detectives who led the . Pulling up Beattock, a steady climb: Hispanic Heritage Month Florida Essay 2015. The film follows the distribution of mail by train in the 1930s, focusing on the so-called Postal Special train, a train dedicated only to carrying the post and with no members of the public. For instance, Birds, bushes, and blank-faced in lines one and two of stanza six or For, feel, and forgotten in the last line of the poem. In the tenth stanza of Night Mail, a reader will find several examples of anaphora. [5], In 1988, British Rail produced the "Britain's Railway" television advert which showed the business sectors introduced in 1986. These include but are not limited to anaphora, enjambment, simile, personification, alliteration, and sibilance. Night Mail is a 1936 British documentary film directed and produced by Harry Watt and Basil Wright, and produced by the General Post Office (GPO) Film Unit. "Verse commentary by W. H. Auden" is the standard phrase used by distributors of the film and by film historians; e.g. The train is headed towards Glasgow, Scotland in a much less natural and peaceful environment than that which she traveled through in the couplet section of the poem. [27] Shots taken at Broad Street were incorporated into the Crewe sequence in the film. [5][41] Watt urged Britten to avoid "any bloody highbrow stuff", and showed him the picture while playing an American jazz record and requested "this kind of music". Letters of joy from girl and boy, I will also go over the reaction by critics and others to the film when it first appeared. This meant that I could answer the critical question 3 as thoroughly as possible. By 1936, film output at the GPO Film Unit was divided between the production of relatively routine films promoting Post Office services, and more . Get this from a library! Auden, narrated by John Grierson, and Music by Benjamin Britten. resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss thenovel. At the end of this stanza is the first time that the human element of the mail is really brought into the text. 1936, Documentary, 25m. In the first couplet of Night Mail, the speaker begins by describing the initial progress of the night mail train crossing the Border into Scotland. The train is making good progress, doing what it does best. [5][10] The men in the sorting coach were real Post Office workers, but filmed in a reconstructed set built at the GPO's studio in Blackheath. For this reason, Watt estimated 90% of the film was shot on a tripod. This is, of course, a depiction of the smoke that travels out and over the train. Essay Of Stargirl Movie. Auden is a powerful depiction and analyzes the impact of a night train carrying the mail through the Scottish countryside. [11], Despite its many critical successes, its limited budget, and unfavourable terms for short documentary films under the 1927 Cinematograph Films Act, which required British cinemas present a minimum quota of British feature films, ultimately doomed the GPO Film Unit. As he filmed, the train passed a bridge which knocked the reflector off and narrowly missed his head. The poet mentions the farm[s] where people are sleeping and the sheep-dogs that attempt to run alongside the train and turn its course. Situation Analysis Auden Hugh Westman Stars Arthur Clark John Grierson Stuart Legg Down towards Glasgow she descends, Appendix III: Blockbuster SWOT analysis 28 Documentary Film Analysis. Netflix, Inc. is the world's leading DVD rent-by-mail company. The third line of the poem, Letters for the rich, letters for the poor is a great example of the importance of the train and the institution of mail delivery. Though the way is steep, she is still on time. Davids Cooks, Netflix Case Analysis Answering my final critical question, I chose a video format. On 14 May 2014, the film was one of those chosen for commemoration in a set of Royal Mail stamps depicting notable GPO Film Unit films. However, she noted that it makes a "very convincing adventure of something that happens every week of our lives" and "is more exciting than any confected drama". It is dawn now and the trains climb up the hill is complete. More than 75 years later, a reader must remember the physicality of getting letters. Accessed 10 December 2022. Before the announcement Netflix recorded tremendous financial results, Introduction. Auden, narrated by John Grierson, and Music by Benjamin Britten. Watt described the research process as "reasonably straightforward", which included multiple trips along the railway, and soon completed a full treatment. Auden was happy to embrace the new medium of film, as well as to tout the accomplishments of 1930s laborers, perhaps influenced by Karl Marx. Unlike other GPO films, which were primarily screened in schools, professional societies, and other small venues, Night Mail was shown in commercial cinemas as an opening for the main feature. The set includes 96 minutes of bonus features, including the 1986 sequel Night Mail 2. Netflix is an American provider and the world's leading internet subscription service of on-demand streaming media in the United States, Canada, Latin America, the Caribbean, United Kingdom and Ireland and flat rate DVD-by-mail in the United States. [70], The copyright on the film expired after 50 years, but some sources assert that the W.H. The ninth stanza is the longest so far. Onboard, there are cheque[s] and the postal order[s] as well as more personal items. [9][10], In 1935, directors Harry Watt and Basil Wright were called into Grierson's office who informed them of the GPO's decision to make a documentary film about the postal train that travels overnight from London Euston to Glasgow, operated by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS). [5] Early attempts to simulate motion was done by shaking the set, but Watt wrote: "It just rattled like a sideboard in a junction town". Here are given solutions to the book exercises. TMDb Score. Question 15: How does the poet give the night mail a specific identity. The locomotive featured in the film is LMS Royal Scot Class 6115 Scots Guardsman.[2]. It was produced by GPO Film Unit, directed by Harry Watt and Basil Wright, and narrated by John Grierson and Stuart Legg. This has inspired me that no matter the subject of the documentary, the film can still produce beautiful shots and emotive music, as Grierson did with 'Night mail'. Don't miss the W H Auden poem 'Night Mail' toward the end of the film!This is 100% Genuine product. With regards to increasing the influence of the Netflix brand, expansion into the. Despite the transition into an industrial world, everything is still quiet. A nostalgic look . Night Mail 1936 Approved 25 m IMDb RATING 6.7 /10 1.3K YOUR RATING Rate Short Documentary Shows the special train on which mail is sorted, dropped and collected on the run, and delivered in Scotland overnight. Warmth and fondness about the train suffuse the poem. [29] Watt realised the importance of getting the sound right: "Without that sound, the centre of a film that was to make my career would have completely failed". Everyone depends on the mail no matter who you are. Alain Resnais's Night and Fog (Nuit et Brouillard, 1955) is a 31-minute film about the Nazi concentration camps that has been called the greatest documentary film every made (indeed, Francois Truffaut called it simply the greatest film ever made [1]). It is much more about our Shared Knowledgewhat the practitioners in the various . . The people are sleeping, continuing their dreams, while the train continues its hard work. The story begins in 1944 where Elie was very focused on learning about his religion from Moshe the Beadle. Auden is a twelve stanza poem that is divided into stanzas of varying lengths. Upon release, his work was received very well. One of the most critically acclaimed and best-loved films produced within the British documentary movement, Night Mail tells the fascinating story of the Travelling Post Office from Euston to Glasgow and the workers who operated it. Cheap Critical Essay Writing Sites Usa. Its synopsis then developed into a more ambitious one, taking "considerable licence with the truth to portray a picture of the 'reality' of working life". The gradient is against her but she makes it up the hill. [59], The film utilises three contrasting techniques to convey its meaning. [5] Watt cared little for Auden's fame and well known work, calling him "a half-witted Swedish deckhand" and complained of his frequent lateness during filming. The train is a necessary and natural part of the environment at this point. There are men waiting for the mail train that long for news. [35] He paced it to match the rhythm of the train's wheels "with a stopwatch in order to fit it exactly to the shot". Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. [8] Despite early GPO films primarily educating and promoting the public about its services, as with The Coming of the Dial (1933), they were also largely intended to ward off privatisation and promote a positive impression of the post office and its employees. Clever, stupid, short and long, In the wake of the EMB's demise, Tallents secured the transfer of the EMB Film Unit to the control of the GPO,[4] with EMB employee John Grierson transitioning from head of the EMB Film Unit to head of the newly formed GPO Film Unit, bringing most of its film staff with him. W. H. Auden: Poems Summary and Analysis of "Night Mail" The train is crossing the border overnight with mail, bringing letters and checks and orders for rich and poor. This is a great simile that alludes to planning, building, and working. The train is crossing the border overnight with mail, bringing letters and checks and orders for rich and poor. The film contrasts the national importance of the postal system, embodied by a train journey which literally enables cross-country communication, with the local accents and colloquial behaviour of its staff, demonstrating that a great nation is composed of its humble and essential regions and peoples. The film follows the case of Venice Brown, Terrain Dandridge, Renata Hill and Patreese Johnson, four women who became known as the New Jersey Four after they defended themselves against an assault on the streets of New York City's West Village. GradeSaver, 9 March 2014 Web. Origins Cold War Essay. This was the approach favoured by Watt, who apprenticed under ethnographic filmmaker Robert Flaherty. They adopted the term when the unit had missed a shot. This was done to intentionally mimic the sound that rail cars make as they move along the tracks. L Humane Condition Montaigne's Essays. Essay On Blood Pressure Cuff. Explain giving examples from the poem. Taken from Night Mail, documentary, The flagship of the GPO Film Unit's output and a cornerston. The 24-minute film documents the nightly postal train operated by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) from London to Scotland and the staff who operate it. This documentary shows us the pride that was once had in the industry of postal service, which has become simplified with technology such as drone deliverer and air/sea travel. To solve this, Jackson sat atop of the coal pile in the locomotive's tender while holding a reflective sheet made with silver paper that acted as a mirror to make subjects brighter. The Question and Answer section for W. H. Auden: Poems is a great King Essay Billy. External shots include the train itself passing at speed down the tracks, aerial views of the countryside, and interior shots of the sorting van (actually shot in studio). The film was produced for a modest budget of 2,000, funded by the GPO not only to promote the Post Office itself, but also to help staff understand how even the most humdrum of jobs were of crucial importance. NIGHTMAIL One of the most critically acclaimed and best-loved films produced within the British documentary movement, Night Mail tells the fascinating story of the Travelling Post Office from Euston to Glasgow and the men who worked on it. The Trade Disputes and Trade Unions Act 1927 had seriously curtailed postal union power, and the Great Depression fostered a general mood of pessimism. [5] He was allowed an orchestra of ten musicians, and used a compressed air cylinder and sandpaper to create a "sound picture" of the pistons and pumps of a steam locomotive at speed. An oversimplification of this movie is to say it is about normal people doing their job, which would be picking up and delivering mail overnight. For example, the transition between lines four and five of the ninth stanza and lines two and three of the eleventh stanza. The poem is simple and rhymic. Narrative Essay Of Mice And Men Crooks. When I come to do my own documentary, I will hopefully look to Grierson as a way of creating a creative documentary, with an equal balance between the narrative and the visuals. The gradients against her, but shes on time. The poem conforms to a consistent rhyme scheme and metrical pattern that follows the path of a train. The 24-minute film documents the nightly postal train operated by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) from London to Glasgow and the staff who operate it. Some film theory is generally used as a framework to analyze . Night Mail is a 1936 British documentary film directed and produced by Harry Watt and Basil Wright, and produced by the General Post Office (GPO) Film Unit.The 24-minute film documents the nightly postal train operated by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) from London to Scotland and the staff who operate it. This is my final product for my documentary. [19] Britten had little interest in jazz music, but was given artistic freedom to compose. Chapter 1. Night Mail, the GPO Film Unit's 1936 documentary, seemingly had everything going for it from the start - from its directors Harry Watt and Basil Wright, narrators John Grierson and Stuart Legg to the poem that WH Auden wrote especially for it and the music score composed by a 23-year-old Benjamin Britten. This also allows us to understand something about their views and . Appendix I: Porters 5 forces 20 The poem describes the charm of letters and their so many different kinds that people eagerly wait for in Glasgow, a city in Scotland. [64], In 2002, poet and playwright Tony Harrison was commissioned to "recast" Night Mail for an episode of The South Bank Show. Night Mail. [5][12] Initially, Grierson sent his team to observe the postal train staff at work with the aim of producing an information film on the train's operations, but little of the information reported back was used. [15] Watt instructed Jackson to produce a rough assembly of the shot, his first experience at cutting film. She pulls behind her blank-faced coaches. Footage captured on location were taken on portable Newman-Sinclair cameras, which were often too heavy for the cameraman to hold. But a jug in a bedroom gently shakes. The first is to make a point on its own, like the sound of a train whistle when the visual only shows a train track, and the second. In the case of Night Mail, it can be seen in the second line of stanza four which reads: Shovelling white steam over her shoulder and in stanza five where the two lines of the couplet start with Snorting and Silent. [53] Film critic Caroline Lejeune wrote a more critical review in The Observer, noting that she had "minor cavils" against the film for the use of accents and for "versifying" the final sequence. [67] At over fifteen minutes, it is one of Britten's most elaborate film scores.[68]. Throughout the poem, Auden uses a very steady meter. It can be seen through the repetition of the words Letters, And, and The. Night Mail Documentary Analysis Essay. For instance, Letters begins seven of the nineteen lines of stanza ten. Their hearts will pound when they hear the knock on the door of the postman, for who can bear to feel himself forgotten?. When Netflix.com originally started business, they started out with only 30 employees and 925 DVDs for rent. An admission essay is an essay or other written statement by a candidate, often a potential student enrolling in a college, university, or graduate school. Night Mail originated from the desire to produce a film that would serve as the public face of a modern, trustworthy postal system, in addition to boosting the low morale of postal workers at the time. Netflix employs a subscription-based business model and subscribers can chose from a variety of subscription plans. Image of train at speed from the documentary film Night Mail by the GPO Film Unit. "[53] A review in The Daily Worker noted "the cool, competent way in which the men go about their job awakens pride and admiration in those who appreciate the dignity of labour. Author A. R. Fulton points out effective film editing to build suspense on everyday operations, such as the mail bags being caught by the track side nets. Under the neon lights in a gay-friendly neighborhood of New York City, four young African-American lesbians are violently and sexually threatened by a man on the street. The liberal-minded Watt, Wright, Grierson, and other GPO film unit members, therefore, wanted Night Mail to focus not only on the efficiency of the postal system but its reliance on its honest and industrious employees. Dawn freshens, Her climb is done. Letters of thanks, letters from banks, Night Mail is a simple poem written by W. H. Auden. This film initiated the documentary movement in Britain. This included another dangerous shot captured by Jackson, after attempts to take footage of the driver's cab produced film that was too dark. Jackson proceeded to push the engine back and forth along the track at the same speed as the train in the picture which produced the sound they needed. Their business model needed to be revamped to stay competitive. He then solicited financial support from business and industry and enlisted the participation of artists interested in realistic filmmaking. Certainly the idea of making a film about such a horror must have been a daunting prospect to a person of Resnais's integrity, and when he . PRICE 9 Jackson recalled there was not "a great deal" of synchronised sound filming while on location, barring some "fragments". Some of the litters are serious and others are frivolous. Auden's poem, Night Mail, performed by Benjamin Britten. My time researching documentaries has lasted a very long time, spanning from the original documentary makers to more contemporary documentaries. The typed and the printed and the spelt all wrong. Night Mail Documentary Analysis Essay. This train carried no passengers but was manned entirely by the Post Office . [23], Filming at Crewe station for the train's 13-minute stop took several days, and involved the team setting up their own scaffolding and arc lamps and electrician Frank Brice running power cables onto the track to supply power from their generator. RECOMMANDATION AND CONCLUSION 13 I have explained all Stanzas like Stanza 1, Stanza 2, Stanza 3, stanza 4 and stanza 5 explanation in this post. The rhythm of the film matches the trains movement, and dreamy loneliness pervades much of it. Finally, the film occasionally employs narration to explain the particular marvels of the mail system. Night Mail by W.H. Bricks for the site are required by tonight. A reader should also immediately notice how Auden uses personification to make the train seem more human and its efforts more relatable. These techniques were championed by Wright, a lover of experimental European cinema. "For the Time Being: A Christmas Oratorio", Read the Study Guide for W. H. Auden: Poems, Communist Poetry of the 1930s and Modernism, Three Examples of Audens Wartime Poetry: In Time of War: Sonnet XVI, Spain 1937, and 1st September 1939, Auden's Poetry and "Home and Away": Art in Wartime, Recycling Art; the Reuse of Artistic Thought and Theme in Auden, Joyce, and Eliot, Understanding Rejection in Disabled and Refugee Blues, View Wikipedia Entries for W. H. Auden: Poems. Learn more John Grierson's 'Night mail' is a revolutionary documentary, that utilized innovative camera shots to portray actuality. Watt expressed his disagreement with the idea at first, but came round to it when it presented the opportunity in shooting additional footage and using previously shot film that was could not be used to complete the sequence. Night Mail (Commentary for a G.P.O. Every variety of letters one could hope to find is there, as is every kind of writer, style of writing, and skill level. Everyone who hears the postman knock on the door will feel their heart quicken with anticipation. She noisily passes through the silent miles of grassland. [11] Watt had no knowledge of the service, and claimed the idea was originally instigated by Wright. ' Night Mail ' by W.H. Or, Towards in stanza nine, lines three and four, and Asleep in stanza twelve, lines one and two. [36], Around the time of Auden's arrival at the GPO, Cavalcanti suggested to Grierson that he hire 22-year-old English composer Benjamin Britten to contribute music to the film department, including the musical score for Night Mail. W.H. [10], The script developed, a film crew was assembled that included Wright, Watt, and cameramen Pat Jackson, Jonah Jones, and Henry "Chick" Fowle. Fulton compared its construction to that of Battleship Potemkin (1925) by Sergei Eisenstein. The sound is further emphasized by the use of repetition, as with words like Letters, which appears numerous times in the poem. 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